摘要
Surfacewavescompriseanimportantaspectoftheinteractionbetweentheatmosphereandtheocean,soadynamicallyconsistentframeworkformodellingatmosphere-oceaninteractionmusttakeaccountofsurfacewaves,eitherimplicitlyorexplicitly.Inordertocalculatetheeffectofwindforcingonwavesandcurrents,andviceversa,itisnecessarytoemployaconsistentformula-tionoftheenergyandmomentumbalancewithintheairflow,wavefield,andwatercolumn.Itisveryadvantageoustoapplysur-face-followingcoordinatesystems,wherebythesteepgradientsinmeanflowpropertiesneartheair-waterinterfaceinthecross-interfacedirectionmayberesolvedoverdistanceswhicharemuchsmallerthantheheightofthewavesthemselves.Wemayaccountforthewavesexplicitlybyemployinganumericalspectralwavemodel,andapplyingasuitabletheoryofwave–meanflowinteraction.Ifthemeanflowissmallcomparedwiththewavephasespeed,perturbationexpansionsofthehydrodynamicequationsinaLagrangianorgeneralizedLagrangianmeanframeworkareuseful:forstrongerflows,suchasforwindblowingoverwaves,thepresenceofcriticallevelswherethemeanflowvelocityisequaltothewavephasespeednecessitatestheapplicationofmoregeneraltypesofsurface-followingcoordinatesystem.Theinteractionoftheflowofairandwaterandassociateddifferencesintemperatureandtheconcentrationofvarioussubstances(suchasgasspecies)givesrisetoacomplexboundary-layerstructureatawiderangeofverticalscales,fromthesub-millimetrescalesofgaseousdiffusion,toseveraltensofmetresfortheturbulentEkmanlayer.Thebal-anceofmomentum,heat,andmassisalsoaffectedsignificantlybybreakingwaves,whichacttoincreasetheeffectiveareaofthesurfaceformasstransfer,andincreaseturbulentdiffusivefluxesviatheconversionofwaveenergytoturbulentkineticenergy.
出版日期
2007年04月14日（中国Betway体育网页登陆平台首次上网日期，不代表论文的发表时间）
