简介：Atwo-dimensionalnumericalmodelisconstructedtostudytheinteractionbetweenthecoastalupwellingandthecoastalfrontoffZhejiangcoastinsummer.Inthef-planemodel,theshelftopography,continuousstratification,andRichardsonnumber-dependenteddycoefficientsareconsidered.Theresultsshowthatthecoastalup-wellingoffZhejianginsummercanbedividedintotworegions,thenearshoreone(RegionA)andtheoffshoreone(RegionB).InRegionA,thealongshorewindstresshasmoreimportanteffectonthecoastalupwellingwhileinRegionB,theupwellingismainlyinducedbytheTaiwanWarmCurrent.TheresultsalsosuggestthattheformationofcoastalfrontoffZhejianginsummeriscloselyrelatedtothestrengthofthecoastalupwellinginRegionA.

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简介：China’scoastallinestartsattheYaluRiverinLiaoninginthenorthandendsattheBeilunRivermouthinGuangxi.Itis18,000kilometreslongandcrosses11provinces,municipalitiesandautonomousregions,includingLiaoning,Hebei,Tianjin,Shandong,Jiangsu,Shanghai,Zhejiang,Fujian,Guangdong,GuangxiandHainan.In1988,theChinesegovernmentoutlinedtheCoastalProtectionForestSystemConstructionProjectanddefinedthecoastallineof11provincesasthemainconstructionline.Theprojectaimsatdevelopingamulti-functional

简介：ExperimentalstudieshavebeenconductedontheacousticeffectsofKLEIN-510subbottomprofilerfordifferentsedimentarylayersinestuaryandbayareas.Sedimentarylayerboundariescanberecordedclearlyandcontinuouslybythisinstrumentandthencomparedwiththeresultsfromdrillingcorestorevealsomevariationsofsedimentaryenvironments.Withthisinstrument,theaveragedepositratecanbedeterminedandthebed-rockbeneaththeseabottomcanbefoundout.

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简介：Eightsetsofcoastalacoustictomography(CAT)systemsweredeployedduringNovember29toDecember10,2002atthecoastsonbothsidesofTokyoBaytomeasuretidalcurrentstructuresat15-mininterval.SoundtransmissionacrosstheTokyoBay(betweenYokohamaandChiba)wassuccessfullytraced,evenundersevereinterferencefromshipgeneratedwakesandbubbles.Tidalcurrentfieldschangingfromnorthwardtosouthwardflowarewellreconstructedbytheinverseanalysisoftravel-timedifferencedataforaperiodwiththebestsoundtransmissioncondition.ItissuggestedthattheCATisthemostpowerfultooltocontinuouslymaptidalcurrentfieldsinthecoastalseaswithheavyshippingtrafficandfisheriesactivity.

简介：FromthesurveyofcoastalresourcesandthefunctionalzoingofthemarineandcoastsalareasofShandongProvince,theauthorshavecollectedagooddeelofpracticaldata,andatthesametime,foundoutsomeirrationalphenomenaintheexploitationandutilizationofcoastalresources.TaKingthecoastalareaofShandongProvinceasanexample.Thispapermakesananalysisontherationalutilizationofcoastalresources.

简介：OnthebasisofaninvestigationonthemangrovesinFujianfromNovember1998toJanuary1999,thespeciescomposition,area,distribution,artificialafforestationofmangrovesandthefactorsrestrictingthedevelopmentofmangrovesinFujianarediscussedinthepaper.SomesuggestionsonhowtodevelopmangrovesinFujianhavebeenputforward.

简介：［1］Holthuijsen,L.H.,Booij,N.andHerbers,T.H.,1989.Apredictionmodelforstationary,short-crestedwavesinshallowwaterwithambientcurrents,CoastalEngineering,13,23～54.［2］Lavrenov,I.V.etal.,1998.Estimationoftheextremeheightsofwindwavesinthecoastalseaarea,Proceedings5thinternationalworkshoponwavehindcastingandforecasting,January26～30,Melbourne,FL.USA,439～450.［3］LILuping,1998.TheeffectontheseafloorerosiononwavehindcastingincoastalareasofBohaiSea,Proceedings5thinternationalworkshoponwavehindcastingandforecasting,January26～30,Melbourne,FL.USA,421～432.

简介：Shandonghasmorethan70%ofnaturalcoastsareundererosion.Coastalerosionstartedfromthe1970'sandbecameaveryseriousproblemat1990's.Thedramaticdecreaseofsedimentsuppliesfromriverscausedrapiderosionatthedeltaandestuaryareas,especiallyintheabandonedYellowRiverDelta.MostsandycoastsalongthePeninsulawereerodedduetolackofsandsupplyandinterruptionofalongshoresedimentdrift,sanddredgingfromthebeachortheoffshoreareacausedseriouserosionduringshorttime.Sea-levelrisecausesslowbutconstantshorelineretreatsandbecameamoreseriousthreat.DifferenttypesofhardsolutionsforcoastalprotectionagainsterosionwereusedinShandong.Seawallsaremostwidelyused,especiallyattheYellowRiverDeltaandcitycenterwaterfront.Groynes,jettiesandbreakwaterareusedonthenorthandeastsandycoastofthePeninsula.Hardapproachesareeffectivetoprotectthecoasterosionbutnotchangetheerosioncausesandledsecondaryimpactonthecoast.Softengineeringsolutionorthecombinedsolutionsaretakenintoacts.Beachnourishmentismostlyconsideredasthebettersoftsolution,especiallytothosetouristsattractingsandybeachesalongtheShandongcoast.Longtermmonitoringandcontinuouslessonslearningfromthecoastalerosionmanagementwillbeadaptiveforbettercoastsolutioninthefuture.

简介：ThecoastallowlandsinnorthernJiangsuProvince,China,ischaracterizedbylowreliefandlowwatersurfacegradientinstreams.Thefloodingstagesarecommonlylowerthanthehigh-tidelevelandthetidalrangeisrelativelysmall.Allthesefactorsprohibitrapiddischargeoffloodwaterandmakethefloodregimeshereextremelysensitivetothesealevelrise.The1991PlumRainwasexamined,whenprecipitationwassignificantlyhigherthannormal.Theone-dimensionalopen-channelnon-conservativeflowmodelwasusedtosimulatethestreamflowinthechannelnetworkofstudiedarea.GIStechnologywasusedtodelineatethemaximuminundatedareabyanalyzingtheDEMs.

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简介：Inthispaper,basedontheobservationaldataof1995intheChineseAntarcticGreatWallStationthesnowstormisstudiedsynoptically.Itisfoundthattherearetwokindsofsnowstormswithdifferentphysicalcharacteristicsandthatthehappeningofsnowstormisalwaysaccompaniedbyanear-groundlevelinversionlayer.Thefunctionoftheinversionlayerisanalyzed,too.ItisindicatedthatthestrongESE-windtypesnowstormismainlycausedbykatabaticwindandgradientwindtogether.ThisideaisnewanddifferentfromthegeneralconceptthatthereisnokatabaticwindinthewesternAntarcticarea.

简介：ByanalyzingturbulencedatameasuredattwositesincoastalregionsofHangzhoubay,itisdiscoveredthat:(1)TheturbulentintensityI_kisinverselyproportionaltothewindspeedatlowerspeed.Whileathigherwindspeed,itkeepsbasicallytobeconstant.(2)Undertheunstableconditionsinthevicinityofseashore,thedimensionlessstandarddeviationsofwindspeedσ_k/U(?)areconstantsbasically,whileintheinland,theycanbedescribedbytheexpressionssimilartoPanofsky(1977)modelsbutwithdifferentconstants.Underthestableconditions,theyareconstantswhenZ/L<0.2andproportionalto1/3powerofZ/LforlargerZ/L.(3)Nearthecoast,thevariationofU(?)/UwithZ/LfollowsBusinger(1971)modelU(?)/U=k/(?)(Z/L)verywellnotonlyunderstablebutalsounderunstablecondition.Inland,itiscoincidentverywellmerelyunderthecondition-1.0≤Z/L≤0.3.Outthisrange,thedeviationislarge.(4)ThedispersionparameterscanbedescribedintheformrecommendedbyDraxler(1976)butwithdifferentconstants.Undertheunstablecondition,theycanalsobeexpressedasBriggs(1985)modelwithdifferentconstants.

简介：探索研究在孟加拉国在Noakhali区域下面在Hatiya在字符Rehania和字符Nurul回教在细长的字符和字符Piya和他们的邻近的贫瘠陆地的沿海的种植园(17岁、17岁的Sonneratiaapetala)被进行在土壤性质上决定造林效果。在土壤深度010，越过三块不同陆地的1030和3040厘米剥去viz。在17岁、17岁的keora(Sonneratiaapetala)的内陆，中间和海方面种植园，土壤潮湿，粒子密度，有机物和C，全部的N，pH，可得到的P，K，Na，Ca和Mg是显著地(p≤0.05，p≤0.01，p≤0.001)更高，并且(p≤0.001)土壤咸度显著地在他们的邻近的贫瘠陆地比那降低。在在内陆的字符细长的种植园的表面土壤的土壤潮湿，粒子密度，有机物和C，全部的N，pH，土壤咸度，可得到的P，K，Na，Ca和Mg是31.09%，2.24g·cm−3,2.41%，4.14%，0.58%，7.07，0.09dS·cm−1,28.06mg·L−1,0.50，mg·L−111.5mg·L−1,3.30mg·L−1和2.7mmol·kg−1,分别地。他们为在邻近的字符Rehania贫瘠土地的一样的深度和陆地位置的相应的值是16.69%，1.25g·cm−3,0.43%，0.74%，0.25%，6.57，0.13dS·cm−1,13.07mg·L−1,0.30mg·L−1,1.4mg·L−1,0.30mmol·kg−1和0.50mg·L−1,分别地。土壤潮湿，粒子密度，有机物和C，全部的N，pH，可得到的P，K和Ca减少了，并且土壤咸度，可得到的Na和Mg在种植园向海方面从内陆增加了。尽管土壤质地没在在种植园和邻近的贫瘠土地之间的大多数土壤深度不同，沙粒子的比例是(p≤.01)显著地降低并且淤泥粒子显著地(p≤0.001)在在他们的邻�

简介：煤是一个基本资源，它的使用保证国民经济和人的社会的发展。因此，煤交通是瓷器全面交通系统的重要部分。在这个系统，港口是重要运输节点。这研究在中国考虑了沿海的港口并且从1973～2013分析了煤交通的进化。我们集中了于装载并且卸掉的煤的空间模式，并且总结了这些进程的主要特征和开发。然后，我们用数学模型和指示物在这些数量检验了搬运的煤和地区性的变化的体积。最后，我们分析了专业化功能和涉及煤交通揭示他们的空间关系和时间的进化的港口的空间区别。我们发现煤交通的空间模式从南方输入和北方输出改变了到所有输入和北方输出。然而，突出的港口使用了因为卸掉的煤仍然长江向南在区域被集中。装载的煤被专注于Bohai的西岸海湾。另外，在Bohai海湾附近的一些港口例如Dandong，Dalian，Yantai，和Qingdao，从装载港口到卸掉港口的传统的煤变化了。这研究进一步开发了运输地理的理论，并且改进了我们瓷器煤交通系统的理解。

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简介：ThreekindofapplicationofADCPisreportedforlong-termmonitoringincoastalsea.(1)Therourinemonitoringofwaterqualities.ThewaterqualityandADCPechodata(600kHz)observedinthelong-termareanalgzedatMT(MarineTower)StationofKansaiInternationalAirportintheOsakaBay,Japan.Thecorrelationbetweentheturbidityandechointensityinthesurfacelayerisnotgoodbecauseairbubblesgeneratedbybreakingwavearenotdetectedbytheturbiditymeter,butdetectedwellbyADCP.Whenestimatingtheturbidityconsistsofplanktonpopulationfromechointensity,theeffectofbubbleshavetobeeliminated.(2)Monitoringstirringupofbottomsediment.ThespecialobservationwascardedoutbyusingfollowingtwoADCPintheOsakaBay,OneADCPwasinstalledupwardonthesea.TheotherADCPwashangeddownwardatthegatetypestandabout3mabovefromthebottom.Atthespringtide,highechointensitiesindicatingthestirringupofbottomsedimentwereobserved.(3)Themonitoringfortheboundaryconditionofwatermixingatanestuary.Insummerseason,theADCPwassetatthemouthofTanabeBayinWakayamaPrefecture,Japan.Duringtheobservation,watertemperaturenearthebottomshowedremarkablefallswithintervalofabout5～7d.Whenthebottomtemperaturefell,theinflowcurrentwithlowechointensitywaterappearsatthebottomlayerintheADCPrecord.Itisconcludedthatwhenoccasionalweaknortheastwindmakesweakcoastalupwellingatthemouthofthebay,thecombinationofupwellingwithinternaltidalflowcausesremarkablewaterexchangeanddispelstheredtide.

简介：BasedonanalysesofsurfaceandcoresedimentsinthetidalflatsoftheYangtzeEstuaryandcoastalareas,thepresentstudyrevealsphosphorousformsexistinginsedimentsandtheirdistributions.Theresultsshowthatphosphorusintidalflatsedimentsinthestudyareamainlyconsistsofinorganicphosphorousforms,involvingDP,Fe-P,Al-P,andCa-Pandorganicphosphorousforms,inwhichCa-PandOParedominantcompositions.Thisfindingindicatesthatspatialdistributionsofvariousphosphorousformsarerelatedtosedimentaryenvironmentsinwaterandgrainsizesofsediments,andareinfluencedbysewagedischargesandeffluentsfromaquacultivationinthecoastalareas.

简介：INTRODUCTIONFecalcoliformhasbeenusedasanindicatorofwaterpollutionforaboutacentury.Recently,Standrigeetal(1981),Reasoneretal(1979)andPageletal.(1982)improved,withgoodresults,thebioassymethodsforfecalcoliformindrinkingwaterandwastewater.Toprovideamethodappli-