摘要
KueishanTao(24°51'N,121°55′E)islocatedatatectonicjunctionofthefaultsystemextensionofTaiwanandthesouthernriftingendoftheOkinawaTrough.Aclusterofover30vents,atawaterdepthofabout10～20mofftheeasterntipofthetaoemitshydrothermalfluidsandvolcanicgasessuchasH2S.Asulfurchimneyormound,formedbycondensationofthesulfurcontainedinthehydrothermalfluid,canusuallybeseenaroundthevents.Thetallestchimneyreaches6m.Ventsdischargingayellowishfluidhavetemperaturesbetween92and116℃andflowratesashighas158t/h;ventsdischargingawhitishfluidhavelowertemperaturesofbetween48and62℃andlowerflowratesofabout7.0t/h.Theseworld-record,breakinglowpH(aslowas1.52)fluidsaretotallydifferentfromthosefoundintheblackandwhite-chimneysofthemid-oceanridges.MagnesiumandSiO2dataindicatethatthesehydrothermalfluidsprobablyoriginatefromadepthof915～1350mbelowthesurface.Whiletheratiosofmajorionsrelativetothesodiumofthesehydrothermalfluidsarequitesimilartoopenoceanwater,theratiosofSO4andchloridetosodiumseemtobehigherforsomeofthevents.ItissuggestedthatthevolcanicgasescontributeSO4andohlorinetothefluids,henceincreasingtheirratiosrelativetosodium.Somehydrothermalfluids,however,arefoundtobedepletedofthemajorelementswhichcanhavebeencausedbyphaseseparation.Theconcentrationsofironandmanganeseinthefluidsaremuchlowerthanthosefoundinthemid-oceanridges,whilethealuminiumcontentishigher.Fourspeciesofbenthos(Xenograpsustestudinatus,asnail,aseaanemone,andaSipuncala),1speciesofalgae(Corallinaceae),and1speciesoffish(Siganusfusescens)wererecordednearthehydrothermalvents.AmitoehondriaDNAsequencecomparisonofXenograpsustestudinatuswith6otherdecapodspeciesshowsthegreatestnumberofnitrogenbasedifferencesintheDNAfragmentsfrom225to270.Thegenediversit
出版日期
2005年01月11日（中国Betway体育网页登陆平台首次上网日期，不代表论文的发表时间）
